Plants
Black Spruse picture taken by hampton, Nan
The plants of the Subarctic are few and far between but there is a diversity of plants all around. For example, there is the Black and White Spruce, Subalpine Fur, Tamarck, Paper Birtch, Quakeing Aspen, Williows, and so on. The plants have a difficult time growing during the winter because its hard for them to get water (most frozen or won't rain) and/or hard to sprout its seeds because most of the ground is frozen. During the summer, it's the "wetseason" and its warm so that's when most of the plants grow and allowed to expand. Some plants do adapted to the climate, like growing hard roots or storing water. Thankfully, these forests have no danger of disappearing because of little to no human interaction in this extreme area. However, there is some lumber companies in this area and most of the United States wood comes from this type or forests, but its so huge that its not endanger of disappearing.
Animals
Subarctic Wolf
The animals of the Subarctic are a unique group. Sadly there isn't much of these because of the extreme climate. The most famous is the wolf because of pop-culture references and common knowledge. There is also Grizzly and Black Bears, Mountain Goats, Moose, Caribou, Black Tail Deer, Gray and Humpback Whales, etc. These animals have special traits to survive. For example, the need to stay warm so they have there thick fur, they hibernate in the winter to keep warm, and they can run fast in the snow because of there patted feet. However due to the growing global warming, some these animals are endangered.